Etiology and Antibiotic Sensitivity for Otitis Media in a Central Pediatric Teaching Hospital
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background: Otitis Media is inflammation of the middle ear. This is most communally caused by buildup of fluid behind the ear drum, as a result of blockage to the Eustachian tube. It can cause mild to moderate hearing loss, due to the fluid interfering with the transmission of sound through to the inner ear, and constitutes the most common respiratory tract infection of infancy and early childhood.
Objective: To study the etiological agents and antibiotics sensitivity of Otitis Media in children admitted to a Central Pediatric Teaching Hospital.
Methods: This study included 60 patients having signs and symptoms of otitis media who were admitted to a Central Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Baghdad city. Samples were obtained during the period from the 1st of December 2012 till the 30th of March 2013. Middle ear fluid samples for all children were collected by an ENT specialist either by tympanocentesis procedures or otorrhea swabs. Isolation and Identification of causative microorganism by colonial morphology, Gram stains. Biochemical tests for Gram positive bacteria: Catalase, coagulase test. Tests used for Gram negative bacteria: Indol, methyl red, Vogas-Proskauer, citrate utilization (IMVIC Test), oxidase, urease, motility test and susceptibility of bacteria to antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents.
Results: Twenty-eight (100%) patients gave positive culture, and 32 (100%) patients gave negative culture. The majority of microorganisms isolated from cultures positive patients were Staphylococcus aureus 8 (28.8%) followed by Pseudomonas spp 7 (25.0%), Proteus spp 3 (10.7%), Klebsiella spp 3 (10.7%), Escherichia coli 2 (7.1%), Haemophilus influenza 2 (7.1%), Streptococcus pneumonia 2 (7.1%), Enterobacter 1 (3.5%).
Conclusions: More than 50% of otitis media in children caused by the Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial isolate such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas spp among age 1 day - 4 years of age, in female more than male, more in urban area, The antibiotics (Cefotaxime, Amoxicillin- Clavulanic acid, Clindamycin, Ceftriaxone) are the most effective against Staphylococcus aureus and (Amikacin, Gentamycin, Ceftazidine) are most effective against Pseudomonas spp.
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